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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article
Method development and validation of few anti-retroviral drugs on bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by using UV visible spectroscopy
Nataraj Palaniyappan, Himabindu Erakasani, Kannan Arumugam, Vijayakumar Murugesan, M. Ravisankar
Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 33-39
Received on: 17/04/2026
Revised on: 29/04/2026
Accepted on: 19/05/2026
Published on: 01/07/2026
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Nataraj Palaniyappan, Himabindu Erakasani, Kannan Arumugam, Vijayakumar Murugesan, M. Ravisankar( 2026).
Method development and validation of few anti-retroviral drugs on bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by using UV visible spectroscopy
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 4), 33-39.
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Abstract
A simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective UV-Visible spectroscopic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of selected antiretroviral drugs, namely Dolutegravir, Lamivudine, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Two analytical methods were established based on absorbance maxima and iso-absorptive point principles. In Method I, Dolutegravir and Lamivudine were analyzed at 258 nm and 271 nm with an iso-absorptive point at 290 nm, while in Method II, Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine were estimated at 263 nm and 281 nm, respectively. The developed methods obeyed Beer-Lambert’s law within specified concentration ranges. Validation was carried out according to ICH guidelines including parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The results demonstrated high correlation coefficients (>0.996), percentage recovery within acceptable limits, and %RSD values less than 2, indicating excellent precision and reliability. The proposed methods are suitable for routine quality control analysis of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations due to their simplicity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness.
Keywords
UV-Visible spectroscopy, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide.
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
