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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article
Genetic diversity and population structure of Bactrocera dorsalis from mango (Mangifera indica), citrus (Citrus reticulata), and cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale)
Keïta N. D, Ndiaye M. R, Sarr A. G. R. J, Diome T, Sembène M
Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 178-187
Received on: 20/05/2026
Revised on: 28/06/2026
Accepted on: 24/07/2026
Published on: 30/09/2026
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Keïta N. D, Ndiaye M. R, Sarr A. G. R. J, Diome T, Sembène M( 2026).
Genetic diversity and population structure of Bactrocera dorsalis from mango (Mangifera indica), citrus (Citrus reticulata), and cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale)
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 5), 178-187.
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Abstract
Tropical fruit production plays a crucial role in food security and rural livelihoods through export-driven income generation. However, this sector is severely threatened by invasive insect pests, particularly the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), a highly polyphagous quarantine species responsible for substantial economic losses in fruit crops. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of three Bactrocera dorsalis populations from different host plants in Niayes area in Senegal. Three host-associated populations were defined: Bactrocera dorsalis from citrus, Bactrocera dorsalis from mango, and Bactrocera dorsalis from cashew apple. The DNA was extracted individually, and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified. Nucleotide composition analysis revealed a higher A+T content relative to G+C across all populations. The mutation rate was comparatively lower in the population from cashew than in the population from mango. Genetic variability among populations was linked to amino acid substitutions involving isoleucine, asparagine, glutamine, and tryptophan residues. Overall genetic differentiation was low, indicating weak population structuring. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) suggested that most of the observed variation occurred within populations rather than among host plants groups. Haplotype network reconstruction revealed shared haplotypes among individuals, supporting the existence of gene flow between populations. These findings indicate limited host-driven genetic structuring in B. dorsalis within the Niayes area, despite ecological differences among fruit hosts.
Keywords
AMOVA, COI, Genetic structure, Genetic variability, Niayes area, Oriental fruit fly.
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© The Author(s) 2026. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
