Archives
International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Review Article
Surface modification of dental implants - A narrative review
S. Muthuselvam, Ray Sarthak Arindam, Vidyashree Nandini Venugopal
Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 188-195
Received on: 25/05/2026
Revised on: 23/06/2026
Accepted on: 28/07/2026
Published on: 30/09/2026
-
S. Muthuselvam, Ray Sarthak Arindam, Vidyashree Nandini Venugopal( 2026).
Surface modification of dental implants - A narrative review
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 5), 188-195.
-
click to view the cite format
Abstract
The dental implants have proven to be the most desired method of a replacement of the missing teeth, with the success rates of the dental implants reported to be between 90-99 per cent in the existing literature. Osseointegration, which is the close structural and functional bonding of viable bone tissue and the implant surface, is the key to the sustained performance of an implant. Surface modification has become the primary approach to improving the process of osseointegration, reducing the risk of peri-implant infections, and extending the total lifespan of implants. This narrative review will cover the history, classification, mechanism, and clinical outcomes of the surface modification methods of dental implants. Those methods covered in the review are subtractive techniques, like machining, sandblasting, and acid-etching, additive techniques, like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and titanium plasma spraying (TPS), chemical techniques, including anodization, alkali treatment, and fluoride incorporation, and biochemical functionalization with growth factors, peptides, and drug-eluting systems. State-of-the-art technologies, such as nanoengineering, laser surface texturing, zirconia and PEEK modifications along with antimicrobial approaches are also discussed. Existing literature invariably advocates moderately rough surfaces (Ra = 102?m) as the most preferable in bone-implant contact, and the multifunctional coating of osteogenic and antibacterial properties as the future of the science of implant surfaces.
Keywords
Dental Implants, Surface Modification, Osseointegration, Hydroxyapatite, Titanium, Zirconia.
-
Full Article PDF (7)
Copy Rights
© The Author(s) 2026. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
