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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article

Increasing risk exposure to malaria as result of water table rising in Niamey city, Niger

Ibrahim Danzabarma Abdoulaziz, Hima Karmadine, Issa Arzika Ibrahima, Dan Dano Ibrahim and Doumma Ali

Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 40-47

doi: https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2026.v11.i03.006

Received on: 10/01/2026

Revised on: 27/01/2026

Accepted on: 17/03/2026

Published on: 01/05/2026

  • Ibrahim Danzabarma Abdoulaziz, Hima Karmadine, Issa Arzika Ibrahima, Dan Dano Ibrahim and Doumma Ali( 2026).

    Increasing risk exposure to malaria as result of water table rising in Niamey city, Niger

    . International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 3), 40-47.

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Abstract

Rising groundwater occurring in Niamey city, leads to the formation of waterholes facilitating the proliferation of mosquitoes which are responsible of numerous vector-borne diseases including malaria, transmitted by Anopheles species. This study aims to determine how this phenomenon influence the risk of exposure to malaria. Doing so, we carried out over a nine-month period, an entomological monitoring in 3 different areas of Niamey city: 2 of them were permanently flooded, while the third one, never flooded serves as a control. Mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps and insecticide sprays throughout 72 sampling locations across all the areas. Specimens were identified using a morphological identification key. Species abundances and entomological parameters were analyzed using R software (v.4.4.0) and compared using a chi-square test. A total of 1,071 specimens of Anopheles gambiae complex were collected, including 43.79% females. Abundances were found higher: i) in flooded sites: 56.21% and 25.68% respectively, while it was only about 7% at the non-flooded (p <0.001); ii) during the rainy season (85.8%) but, tends to decrease during the dry seasons (cold: 13.91% and hot: 0.28%; p <0.001). Females were more abundant in flooded sites, up to 54.16% and Human-Blood Index, varied from 34.1% to 20% between sites and from 41.7% to 29.9% between seasons (p <0.001). Besides being low (0.83%), the overall infectivity rate, was limited to the flooded sites and only during the rainy season. These insights could serve malaria prevention strategies by focusing on mosquito control in high-risk areas and periods.

Keywords

Flooding, Mosquitoes, Transmissibility, Malaria, Niamey.

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    © The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.